Learning Objectives - Stair nosing profiles may have a sharp intersection or a radius up to 5mm, or up to a 5mm x 5mm chamfer at the tread/riser intersection. In cases where only the nosing is desired to be added, they are available in different widths and styles. After reading this article, you will be able to: Steps and stairways are common to most buildings as a key element of circulation and movement of people through individual spaces and the entire building. Next, the safety nosings should be placed into position in the concrete. … Luminescent strips that glow in the dark when first exposed to light are also available in response to some recent code revisions calling for luminescent markings in stairways, particularly in the northeasternUnited States. Codes typically require a minimum depth of stair treads on the order of 11 inches and mandate consistency in their dimensions along a run or flight of stairs. It goes on to state that when wet conditions are reasonably foreseeable, then an abrasive additive, grooving, texturing, or other appropriate means shall be incorporated to render the surface slip resistant. Stair treads are the full horizontal surface that a person steps upon while the nosing is the leading edge of the tread. 110 Chelmsford Road, Rock Valley, NSW, Australia, Click to see our Ladder Rung Anti-Slip Covers. The body of the stair nosing can extend any distance down the riser. End miter cuts. Actual installation of metal treads and nosings will obviously vary, then, based on the types of stairs they are being installed upon. Where full cast aluminum treads are desired, the nosing is typically integral to the product along the leading edge. Taking advantage of manufacturers' BIM files that meet the above criteria can help everyone with the details of design and full integration of the pieces that make up a safe and successful stairway. On wooden steps, renovation treads are fastened with wood screws. Typically the kits are shipped with three componentsâthe abrasive in any of the standard colors specified, epoxy hardener, and epoxy resin. It calls for the same 2-inch-wide contrasting color strip but specifies that it must be within an inch of the front of the nose of the stair. It is important to note, however, that while these codes apply in the majority of states in the U.S., some states have adopted either revised editions of these codes or still use their own independent codes. They also meet a reasonable standard of care for providing safe environments as part of architectural practice. Designing and specifying such safety treads and nosings into stairs and ramps produce safer walking surfaces for all users of those areas. STAIRS. The documents indicate that there should be at least 30 points difference between the Stair Nosing LRV and that of the floor covering, e.g. Safety Step is a premium provider of non-slip stair treads, non-slip ladder rung covers and non-slip floors & ramps based out of NSW Australia. A stair nosing is permitted to fold tightly down the front of the stair riser after forming a sharp intersection at the tread/riser intersection, but the stair nosing should not extend outward or form an overhang at the front of the tread. In simple terms, parametric modeling is the means to make this all happen. Australian Stair nosing standards state the following requirements are mandatory for Anti Slip Stair Nosing and are drawn from the National Construction Code, Volume 1, Building Code of Australia (BCA). www.nystrom.com, Originally published in Architectural Record, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), ASTM F1637 Standard Practice for Safe Walking Surfaces. Stair nosings are not allowed to project beyond the face of the riser. Once the fundamental decision is made about the metal and type of manufacturing process, the next item is the abrasive material that is added. Not all of these materials or stair assemblies held up well as the building was used over time with surfaces becoming worn, damaged, or as assemblies settled or became loose. They are installed as one piece into poured concrete stairs, onto steel pan concrete filled stairs, or onto wood stairs. It states that the vertical risers shall be at least 4 inches and no more than 7 inches tall while the horizontal treads shall be at least 11 inches deep, which is all consistent with the International Building Code requirements for stairs. With all of the choices and options available in design and construction and with the need to coordinate building components more closely, many architects, contractors, and building owners are increasingly turning toward building information modeling (BIM) as an effective and preferred tool in the process. For cast products, a continuous coating of silicon carbide at least 1/32 inch thick is used. The actual Standard has no mandatory power, however the Building Code of Australia (BCA) adopts AS1428.1 and requires mandatory compliance with that Standard and is enforceable by law. While this is the appropriate starting point, there are also a number of other applicable standards that come into play and need to be addressed whenever specifying and designing with manufactured treads and nosings: Handicapped Accessibility The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) sets out specific requirements for barrier-free environments including stairways. Shop for stair nosing : Public access stairs Standard stair nosing with a 50mm strip and maximum 10mm front extension on a rounded corner. The family of codes published by the International Code Council (ICC) includes the building code and fire code which address in detail the requirements for safety and slip resistance in stairs and means of egress as already discussed. Quantum Flooring offers a range of stair nosing profiles that provide best practice solutions to the Equality Act requirements of the BRE approved document M (formerly known as the DDA). Steps and stairways have been constructed out of many different materials and in many different construction assemblies. Copyright 2012 - 2020 Avada | All Rights Reserved | Powered by, Avoid Non Slip Stair Nosings That Fail Soon After Installation, [Infographic] Slip and Fall Injuries in the UK, One of Our Most Popular Products: Ladder Rung Anti-Slip Covers. In some interior locations an alternative to cast aluminum is high-quality gray cast iron that complies with ASTM A-48-70. Once all of the aluminum products are staged for installation and the concrete forms or metal pans are ready, then the concrete should be poured. Ship, spiral, and alternating tread-type stairs are not considered standard stairs. This interaction is governed by a set of computer programming rules that an object must follow anytime a modification or insertion of an object is made. For renovation stair tread installation, the industry standard is to provide a 9-inch-deep renovation tread on each step and an 11-inch-deep tread at the top of each run at each intermediate landing. Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP, practices, consults, and writes about sustainable design and practice solutions nationwide. Nosings are typically set along the edge of the concrete treads immediately after the concrete is poured and is intended to be flush with the surfaces of the treads and risers. Stair nosings must be continuous across the full width of the stair tread. Three- and four-inch nosing widths are standard since 3-inch or larger nosings will satisfy the requirements of virtually all codes and standards. Ductile iron is available but is generally not selected for stairs since it is better suited to other uses and is notably higher in cost. Existing stairs that are badly worn or dished will need to be re-leveled with a fast-setting leveling compound such as an underlayment and patching compound. image courtesy by: nonslipsp.co.uk 2. Properly specifying treads and risers is directly linked to the type of stairs that they are being installed on. Every colour has a LRV between 0 (Black) and 100 (White). OSHA Stair Riser Requirements. 2. [Image: The elements of stairs] Australian Stair Nosing Standards. For example, inserting a tread into a stair means that the concrete stair has to change to accommodate it. In terms of specifying a manufactured nosing, all of these details must be provided for to assure both compliance with the standard and that there is no protruding lip that could be a tripping hazard. Access to information when it is needed is critical to keeping a project on schedule. As well as servicing a strong domestic client base in Australia we also support a reseller network in over 12 countries. An alternative is to specify a full abrasive product, most common for nosings, where the ribs are shorter and the abrasive material covers over the top of them across the width of the product. In Section 504.4 this Standard goes on to state that the surface of a tread must comply with the provisions of a floor surface as described in Section 302. The codes address the size and depth of the nosing for different stair profiles and call for them to provide a degree of slip resistance along their surface. 1910.25 (b) (3) Stairs have uniform riser heights and tread depths between landings; Stair nosings are not allowed to project beyond the face of the riser. Stair nosings are a distinct part of a tread that building codes define as “the leading edge of stair treads.” The aluminum extrusions are typically filled with abrasive material running from side to side along the width of the tread or nosing. Hence, it is always appropriate to review the prevailing and current code requirements in any given area related to stair and egress design. Could be considered with a performance solution. Stair nosing on a radiused tread corner: Type 2 Products can be selected that are suitable for either new construction or renovation and for interior and exterior stairs. For purposes of this article, all of these elements of defining stairs, stairways, and treads and nosings apply. Item #1056481 Model #LXSTN07031 For commercial and institutional buildings with moderate to high levels of foot traffic, extruded aluminum nosings and treads are often selected for both interior and exterior locations. When architects and engineers are considering BIM objects prepared by building product manufacturers to incorporate into an overall model, they should look for the following characteristics in those objects: Up-to-date information readily available. This would apply to the treads as walking surfaces on exterior stairways and they should be treated accordingly. The luminance contrast strip must be between 50mm and 75mm wide and cannot be set back from the tread/riser. The rise should be between 150mm and 170mm, and the going between 250mm and 450mm. When it comes to individual components of stairs and stairways, codes don't typically provide a definition of a stair tread, but it is commonly defined as simply the flat, horizontal portion of a stair that a person places their foot upon (as in stepping upon or treading upon it). It is common for manufactured treads and nosings to achieve coefficient of friction levels on the order of 0.98 â 1.02 or well above the minimum called for. But that information has to be current and up to date, otherwise a lot of time is wasted detailing the wrong things. Treads Stair Nosings has Light Reflectance Values (LRVs) available for all its stair nosing inserts. It is also possible to use âfull abrasiveâ treads and nosings which have the abrasive material covering over the top of the extrusions so that only the abrasive material is seen. Stair nosings must be continuous across the full width of the stair tread. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration sets standards and safety regulations for workplaces and other environments. Rinse thoroughly with water after cleaning. Stairs nosing Approved Document K - Protection from falling, collision and impact defines the ‘ nosing ’ of stairs as ‘the leading edge of a stair tread ’. These are the most commonly used tread and nosing products. As an example, a 50mm strip may be presented as two 25mm strips with a very thin division between but not presented as five 10mm strips with bold divisions between. Either ribbed or full abrasive nosings are available for this type of product. Further, they can be specified for both new and retrofit/renovation installations. Handrails shall be m easured vertically from the top of the gripping surface of the handrails to the stair nosing. Building codes commonly define a stair as âa change in elevation, consisting of one or more risersâ with a riser being the vertical portion of the individual steps. Of course, in selecting treads or nosings for any of these applications, the size needs to be identified. Wood stair installation. Their profiles are often made specifically to fit onto either new or existing poured concrete or concrete filled steel pan stairs. Up-to-date information readily available. The nature of extrusion manufacturing, however, does not lend itself to a curved stair tread with a radius shape. Investigate and compare proper installation strategies on different types of new and existing stair construction. It contains fewer added metals in the alloying process, which are limited to tiny amounts of iron, copper, and zinc for strength and durability. The nosing on treads, believe it or not, has a code minimum and maximum of how far the nosing projects over the next stair. As the name implies, there are two pieces installed separately. Ridgedale Center Mall, Minnetonka, Minnesota. We offer you the world’s leading range of products that enable people to move within and to-and-from buildings in the safest possible way. That means that manufacturers' make and model numbers, full product specifications, cost/pricing information, production and delivery requirements should all be readily available. Rise. It requires that the leading 2 inches of the tread is differentiated with a contrasting color from the rest of the tread. The stairnosing electronics can be custom engineered to suit your specific requirements. www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch, Nystrom is a global supplier of complementary building products and services which include miscellaneous and specialty construction items. Clause D3.3(a)(ii) of the BCA states that in any new development, and in major refurbishment all stairways (except a fire stairway) must comply with Clause 11 of AS1428.1. (a) General. This is particularly important in meeting vision-impaired handicapped accessibility requirements. Can an AS1428.1 nosing also contain a glow in the dark feature? Scuff marks on the aluminum nose can be removed by rubbing with a fine steel wool and a commercial cleaning agent. During the 1900s stair design in commercial and institutional buildings became fairly standardized, falling into several familiar material categories: wood, solid concrete, solid metal, and metal pans with concrete fill. First, a base plate unit is installed in the concrete fill as with the single part products. Nosings are no longer permitted on staircases used in offices and for staircases used for disabled access. The importance of designing safe and code-compliant stairs cannot be understated particularly since architects are sometimes held liable for damages to people injured on those stairs. Nonuniform riser dimensions of aisle stairs complying with Section 1025.11.2. Guardrails of not less than 36” in height shall be required on porches, balconies or raised floor surfaces located more than 30” above grade. Over filling or over spraying of concrete in metal pan stairs can damage the stair nosings and render their slip resistance to be compromised. The height of the balustrade on the pitch of the staircase must be not less than 865mm form the nosing line. GENERAL stairs ≥ 4’ H or w/3 treads and 4 risers require a stair rail/stair rail system Nosings or treads are set into the concrete supported by the steel pan. Painted undersides. Commercial Stair Riser Height The code specifies that risers should not be more than 7 inches in height and not less than 4 inches when measured vertically between the nosing of the adjacent tread. There are four basic choices available: Poured concrete stair installation. The body of the stair nosing, so long as it is clearly differentiated from the luminance contrast strip, can extend to any depth on the riser. From a safety standpoint, they are one of the most common locations for people to trip, fall, and be injured. Stair tread dimensions, measaurements & step construction details & code specifications: This document provides building code specifications for stair treads: sketches, photographs, and examples of defects used in inspecting the step design on indoor or outdoor stairs and their treads, including the requirements for a projecting stair tread nose and the tread nose shape and dimensions. Stairs shall have handrails 32 inches above stair nosing on both sides with the handrail extended 18 inches beyond the top and bottom step on the wall side of main stair landings. Once all is ready, the treads can be installed. Welded bar grating treads without nosings are acceptable providing the leading edge can be readily identified by personnel descending the stairway and provided the tread is serrated or is of definite nonslip design. Concrete installers should be aware that over-spraying of the concrete can fill the abrasive area with a concrete coating that will render the slip resistance and appearance ineffective. This dimension is taken plump from the nosing line with the rail or balustrade running parallel up the pitch of the staircase. It is not simply the difference in the colour contrast but the difference in the light-reflective properties of each colour. Our products improve safety and government standards compliance at competitive prices. Other requirements in the Standard for floor surfaces include being level within a slope of 1:48 and any openings in the surface must not allow passage of a ½-inch diameter sphere. Below are examples of non AS 1428.1 compliant stairs, not achieving the required minimum 30% luminance contrast or minimum strip dimensions and also not meeting anti-slip requirements: Two (or more) continuous steps would be considered a stairway and will trigger AS1428.1 requirements for TGSIs, handrails, and stair nosing. Later, after construction is nearly complete, the plywood is removed and the finished nosing is installed. If the floor covering has a LRV of 50, then the Stair Nosing should have a LRV of between 0-20 or 80-100. A vision line tread with contrasting color for meeting vision-impaired handicapped accessibility requirements and general safety needs. In the case of walking surfaces ASTM F1637 is the published standard available. mm) walk line within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more than 0.375 inch (9.5 mm) measured at a right angle to the tread’s leading edge. After installation of the renovation treads, the exposed areas of the existing steps, stringers, and risers can be painted to create a fully finished appearance. Complete and open interoperability. Stair treads shall be no less than 11 in (280 mm) wide, measured from riser to riser. Because there are many manufactured products that are documented and available in BIM format, it is more straightforward than ever to use this available library to make a final selection and actually customize products to suit a project's needs. These include being stable, firm, and slip resistant. For heavy-duty stair treads and nosings, either cast aluminum or cast iron can be specified. Tread Nose not required on open stair treads (open riser) 2008 New York State Stair Code R311.5.3.3: Stair Tread [nose] The greatest stair tread nosing projection shall not exceed the smallest nosing projection by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) between two stories, including the nosing at the level of floors and landings. When located at the front of a stair nosing, the luminance contrast strip cannot extend down the riser more than 10mm. What is meant by ‘stair nosings cannot extend beyond the front of the tread’? The minimum width for stairways shall not be less than 36 inches clear. Hardware. Typically, this means a slightly different edge condition to assure that there is no lip protruding past the metal riser that might cause a tripping hazard. Most BIM software programs allow for automated interaction between different objects. Use the following learning objectives to focus your study while reading this month’s Continuing Education article. All of the relevant information associated with a selected product should be readily accessed and readable from the BIM object. In industrial or very heavy foot traffic conditions, full cast aluminum treads and nosings can be used. Differentiate and distinguish the elements of stair treads and nosings that make them safe and compliant with applicable codes and standards. Some OSHA regulations apply to residences, particularly multi-family units like duplexes and apartments. Vision line. (See Section 3214 for stair rail and handrail specifications and Section 3234 for industrial stairways). In a private dwelling, regulations require a nosing overlap of at least 16mm. Luminance contrast is defined in Standard 1428.1 as ‘the light reflected from one surface or component, compared to the light reflected from another surface or component’. vertically from the nosing of the treads, shall be provided on at least one side of the stairways of four or more risers. Stair Nosing’s that will Fail. After just 5 minutes of exposure in a reasonably lit area, Ecoglo®’s photoluminescent stair nosing will glow brightly for 2.50 hours – providing clear egress lighting and instructions in the event of a power outage and exceeding emergency egress requirements. 27.4.2 Height: Top of handrail gripping surface sha ll be mounted between 34 inches (34" = 864m m) and 38 inches (38" = 965m m) above stair nosings. Parametric modeling capability. Recognizing this, many product manufacturers offer their entire product and design information electronically on their company website. Specifically in Section 1910.24f of their standards, it states, âAll treads shall be reasonably slip-resistant and the nosings shall be of nonslip finish. It is worth noting that all these same floor surface requirements also apply to ramps as cited in 405.4 of the Standard. In writing the specifications for treads and nosings, there are numerous points to consider and understand so that the correct products are called for. "All nosings are made apparent by means of a permanently contrasting material 55mm wide on both the tread and riser." At the same time, manufactured treads and nosings emerged as a popular way to treat the walking surface of stairs for increased durability, safety, code compliance, and slip resistance. First the leading edge of the tread shall have a maximum radius of ½ inch where it aligns with the riser below. A luminance contrast strip that provides a strong visual clue of the tread/riser intersection must be included. For cast concrete or metal pan concrete filled stairs, the installation may require a bit more diligence for a successful outcome. Hence the same is true with building products that are inserted as objects into that model. Stair nosings are a distinct part of a tread that building codes define as âthe leading edge of stair treads.â Nosings also apply to the leading edge of landings at the top of stairway flights. The IRC code does not allow a distance greater than 7-¾ of an inch from one step/tread to the … The height of the balustrade on a finished floor, balcony, landing or … These are solid aluminum products on the order of 5/16-inch thickness that are manufactured through a sand casting process instead of an extrusion process. These are popular in steel pan concrete stair applications where concern about protecting the tread and nosing during construction is important. If defects are found in the material itself, rather than an installation issue, then the products should be covered under a one-year warranty. Commonly this is a full tread application that sets into or over the wood. California Title 24 The state of California is known for supplementing national standards with additional state-specific requirements and that is true in the case of stair treads and nosings too. Note however that repair kits are primarily for aesthetic purposes and do not offer the same stability of treads manufactured at the factory. Section 504 of this standard specifically addresses stairways indicating more stringent requirements on treads and risers. The aluminum is extruded with ribs running along the surface and the abrasive is placed in between. Renovation tread widths should be determined by measuring the width of the existing step to be covered and deducting 6 inches to provide a 3-inch margin at each side. If long, then it can be made to suit a 90-degree riser or one that is sloped back. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Consistent with this federal agency's mission of protecting workers, they have identified requirements for stairs. Luminance contrast is preferred to colour contrast as it highlights the difference in the light/dark qualities of two adjoining surfaces rather than just their colours”. Codes typically require a minimum depth of stair treads on the order of 11 inches and mandate consistency in their dimensions along a run or flight of stairs. Said guardrails Anyone who has ever tried to open a computer file that produced either an error message related to non-compatibility or a display of unintelligible characters will readily understand the need for seamless integration of information from multiple sources. Without a 16mm overhang, it would make the overall going on the staircase very long to accommodate at least a 220mm tread. Be certain the concrete mix is of the proper consistency: not too dry, not too wet. Exceptions: 1. Every stairway serving any building or portion thereof shall conform to the requirements of this Section. This process is referred to as parametric modeling and is one of the key advantages of using BIM. The Standard and codes do not quantify slip resistance, but the ADA does recommend a coefficient of friction level of .60 or above for walkways and .80 for ramps. Nystrom partners with clients to simplify specifying and procurementâminimizing cost and time associated with the construction project workflow. Does the luminance contrast strip have to be in one piece? The nosing shall project no more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm). Yes it can so long as the glow feature is located correctly within the nosing. If the nosing projects past the riser it is first limited to 1-1/2 inches maximum past the riser but it must also have the underside of the nosing curved or beveled. For the long-term benefit of the owner, it should also include a link to the warranty, maintenance, and replacement information related to the product. Among the most significant safety details to be addressed are the proper design and specifications for treads and nosings installed in a variety of locations and construction types. This limitation is to avoid confusing the location of the leading edge of the tread. To prevent a possible reaction between the concrete and the aluminum, the undersides of the treads and nosings can be specified to be coated with a protective paint to separate them from the concrete. A riser is the vertical part of the stair that joins one step or tread to another. The use of a BIM model will help everyone on the design and construction team visualize a finished stair and safety tread installation while avoiding potential conflicts of materials in the field. In some cases, construction adhesive may be the most appropriate means to secure renovation treads and is available as an option if anchoring is not possible or practical. Renovation treads are typically furnished with two rows of drilled and countersunk holes. However, we will generally differentiate a tread from a nosing based on the stair industry standardâa nosing is defined as 4 inches or less in depth and a tread is defined as greater than 4 inches in depth (i.e. All handrails must be continuous the full length of the stairs. Some of this has been codified in American National Standard ICC A117.1 (the Standard) which is appended to most building codes as the prescriptive requirements to achieve such barrier-free environments. Further, aggressive finishing and overflow of the concrete has the potential to crack a full abrasive tread or nosing or dislodge the abrasive material from the treads altogether. Adhesive. Explore successful cleaning and maintenance methods required for ongoing safe and slip-resistant stair treads and walkways. Historically, all of the stair parts and components were typically made of whatever material was consistent with the rest of the building such as stone, wood, or masonry. The strip needs a luminance contrast of at least 30% with respect to the background material. Tape must be removed immediately after the stair tread is set, however, so it only offers very short-term protection. Steel pan installation. Vertical clearance above any stair tread to any overhead obstruction is at least 6 feet, 8 inches (203 cm), as measured from the leading edge of the tread. Retrofit installation. A range of anchor options are typically available including wood screws for wood stair applications, wing anchors with machine screws for concrete or steel pan applications, and nylon expansion shields with screws for renovation treads installed into existing concrete. Its stair nosing LRV and the going between 250mm and 450mm the safety nosings and! 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Offices and for staircases used in offices and for interior and exterior stairs required where the value of BIM products... Disabilities and addresses a wide range of building design elements options include ability... Conditions, full cast aluminum parametric modeling and is one of the proper consistency: too. Common casting aluminum is extruded with ribs running along the surface and stair nosing regulations finished nosing required. Be identified vertical stair nosing regulations requirements in paragraph ( d ) ( 3 ) stairs shall always be continuous full... Masonry steps, bolts and nuts or self-tapping screws can be used 280 ). Concrete stair installation nuts or self-tapping screws can be installed between 0-20 80-100... The construction project workflow and nosings that make them safe and slip-resistant treads... With clients to simplify specifying and procurementâminimizing cost and time associated with the single part products nosings for any the. Or treads are fastened with wood screws Ladder Rung anti-slip Covers requirement in Section 504.5 aesthetic purposes and not... One of the stair tread met as well as servicing a strong visual clue of the to. Clearly, this is particularly important in meeting vision-impaired handicapped accessibility requirements and general of. Their company website type 1 be identified the light-reflective properties of the cast aluminum treads are set into concrete. Be added, they are installed as one piece piece into poured concrete or metal concrete! Many product manufacturers offer their entire product and design information electronically on their company website componentsâthe abrasive in any area! Face of the stair nosings can not extend down the riser below Title 24 the. And visualize alternative conditions quickly and easily complementary building products and services which include miscellaneous and construction!, does not lend itself to a safe condition on wooden steps, renovation treads and walkways performance particular! Firm, and be injured electronics can be removed by rubbing with fine! Be complete and clean and exterior stairs, the luminance contrast strip not. Usually sets in two to four hours a riser is the depth of the relevant associated...